Ama-boilers ezimboni avame ukusetshenziswa emandleni kagesi, embonini yamakhemikhali, embonini ekhanyayo nakwezinye izimboni, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi empilweni yamabhizinisi nezikhungo.Lapho i-boiler ingasasebenzi, inani elikhulu lomoya lizogeleza ohlelweni lwamanzi lukabhayela.Nakuba i-boiler ikhiphe amanzi, kunefilimu yamanzi endaweni yayo yensimbi, futhi umoya-mpilo uzochithwa kuwo, okuholela ekugcwaleni, okuholela ekugugulekeni kwe-Oxygen.Uma kunesilinganiso sikasawoti endaweni yensimbi ye-boiler, engancibilika efilimini yamanzi, lokhu kugqwala kuzoba kubi kakhulu.Ukuzijwayeza kubonisa ukuthi ukugqwala okukhulu kuma-boilers kwakheka kakhulu phakathi nenqubo yokuvala futhi kuyaqhubeka nokukhula ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.Ngakho-ke, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela ezifanele ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvala shaqa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwebhayela, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile, nokwelula impilo yesevisi yebhayela.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuvimbela ukugqwala kwe-boiler shutdown, okungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: indlela eyomile kanye nendlela emanzi.
1. Indlela eyomile
1. Indlela ye-Desiccant
Ubuchwepheshe be-Desiccant busho ukuthi ngemva kokumiswa kwe-boiler, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lehla ku-100 ~ 120 ° C, wonke amanzi azokhishwa, futhi ukushisa kwemfucuza esithandweni kuzosetshenziselwa ukomisa ubuso bensimbi;ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikali esinqunyiwe ohlelweni lwamanzi e-boiler sizosuswa , i-slag yamanzi nezinye izinto zikhishwa.I-Desiccant ibe isijovwa kubhayela ukuze igcine ubuso bayo bomile ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala.Ama-desiccants asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka: i-CaCl2, i-CaO, nejeli ye-silica.
Ukubekwa kwe-desiccant: Hlukanisa umuthi ube amapuleti e-porcelain amaningana bese uwabeka kuma-boilers ahlukene.Ngalesi sikhathi, wonke ama-valve e-soda namanzi kufanele avaliwe ukuvimbela ukungena komoya wangaphandle.
Ukubi: Le ndlela i-hygroscopic kuphela.Kumelwe ihlolwe ngemva kokwengeza i-desiccant.Hlala njalo unake ubuxhwanguxhwangu bomuthi.Uma kwenzeka i-deliquescence, yishintshe ngesikhathi.
2. Indlela yokomisa
Le ndlela iwukukhipha amanzi lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi ebhoyili lehla liye ku-100 ~ 120 ° C lapho i-boiler ivaliwe.Lapho amanzi ephelile, sebenzisa ukushisa okusele esithandweni ukuze ubilise noma ungenise umoya oshisayo esithandweni ukuze womise ingaphakathi le-boiler.
Ukungalungi: Le ndlela ifaneleka kuphela ukuvikelwa kwesikhashana kwama-boilers ngesikhathi sokugcinwa.
3. Indlela yokushaja i-hydrogen
Indlela yokushaja i-nitrogen iwukushaja i-hydrogen ohlelweni lwamanzi kubhayela nokugcina ukucindezela okuthile okuhle ukuze kuvinjwe umoya ukuthi ungangeni.Njengoba i-hydrogen ingasebenzi kakhulu futhi ingagqwali, inganqanda ukugqwala kokuvalwa kwebhayili.
Indlela yile:ngaphambi kokuvala isithando somlilo, xhuma ipayipi lokugcwalisa i-nitrogen.Lapho umfutho esithandweni somlilo wehla ube ngu-0.5 gauge, isilinda se-hydrogen siqala ukuthumela i-nitrogen esigubhuni sikabhayela kanye ne-economizer ngamapayipi esikhashana.Izimfuneko: (1) Ukuhlanzeka kwe-nitrogen kufanele kube ngaphezu kwama-99%.(2) Lapho isithando somlilo esingenalutho sigcwaliswa initrogen;ukucindezela kwe-nitrogen esithandweni kufanele kube ngaphezu kokucindezela kwe-gauge engu-0.5.(3) Lapho ugcwalisa i-nitrogen, wonke ama-valve ohlelweni lwamanzi asebhodweni kufanele avaliwe futhi kufanele aqine ukuvimbela ukuvuza.(4) Ngesikhathi sokuvikela ukushajwa kwe-nitrogen, ingcindezi ye-hydrogen ohlelweni lwamanzi kanye nokucinana kukabhayela kufanele kuqashelwe njalo.Uma ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen ngokweqile kutholakala, ukuvuza kufanele kutholakale futhi kuqedwe ngokushesha.
Ububi:Udinga ukunaka kakhulu izinkinga zokuvuza kwe-hydrogen, uhlole isikhathi nsuku zonke, futhi ubhekane nezinkinga ngesikhathi.Le ndlela ifaneleka kuphela ukuvikelwa kwama-boilers angasebenzi isikhathi esifushane.
4. Indlela yokugcwalisa i-Amonia
Indlela yokugcwalisa i-ammonia ukugcwalisa ivolumu yonke ye-boiler ngegesi ye-ammonia ngemuva kokuthi i-boiler ivaliwe futhi kukhishwe amanzi.I-ammonia incibilika efilimini yamanzi endaweni yensimbi, yenze ifilimu evikelayo emelana nokugqwala endaweni yensimbi.I-Amoniya inganciphisa nokuncibilika komoyampilo efilimini yamanzi futhi ivimbele ukugqwala nge-oxygen encibilikile.
Ukungalungi: Uma usebenzisa indlela yokugcwalisa i-ammonia, izingxenye zethusi kufanele zisuswe ukuze kugcinwe ukucindezela kwe-ammonia ku-boiler.
5. Indlela yokumboza
Ngemuva kokuthi i-boiler iphelile, khipha amanzi, susa ukungcola, futhi womise ingaphezulu lensimbi.Bese usebenzisa ngokulinganayo ungqimba lukapende ovimbela ukugqwala endaweni yensimbi ukuze uvimbele ukugqwala ngaphandle kwesevisi kubhayela.Upende ovimbela ukugqwala ngokuvamile wenziwa ngempushana eholayo emnyama namafutha enjini ngesilinganiso esithile.Lapho umboza, kuyadingeka ukuthi zonke izingxenye ezingathintana nazo kufanele ziboshwe ngokulinganayo.
Ukungalungi: Le ndlela iyasebenza futhi ifanele ukugcinwa kwesithando somlilo isikhathi eside;kodwa-ke, kunzima ukusebenza ngokusebenza futhi akulula ukudweba emakhoneni, ama-welds, nezindonga zamapayipi ezijwayele ukugqwala, ngakho-ke kufanelekile kuphela ukuvikelwa kwethiyori.
2. Indlela emanzi
1. Indlela yesisombululo se-alkaline:
Le ndlela isebenzisa indlela yokwengeza i-alkali ukugcwalisa kubhayela ngamanzi anenani le-pH elingaphezu kuka-10. Yakha ifilimu evikela ukugqwala endaweni yensimbi ukuze uvimbele umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe ekugqwaliseni insimbi.Isixazululo se-alkali esisetshenzisiwe yi-NaOH, Na3PO4 noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili.
Ukubi: Kudingeka ukunakekelwa ukuze kugcinwe ukugxiliswa kwe-alkali okufanayo esixazululweni, kuvame ukuqapha inani le-pH yebhayela, futhi kunake ukwakheka kwesikali esitholiwe.
2. Indlela yokuvikela i-sodium sulfite
I-sodium sulfite iyi-ejenti enciphisayo esabela nge-oxygen encibilikile emanzini ukuze yakhe i-sodium sulfate.Lokhu kuvimbela izindawo zensimbi ukuthi zingagqwali umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokuvikela yesisombululo esixubile se-trisodium phosphate ne-sodium nitrite nayo ingasetshenziswa.Le ndlela isekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi lolu ketshezi oluxubile lungakha ifilimu yokuzivikela endaweni yensimbi ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwensimbi.
Ukubi: Uma usebenzisa le ndlela yokuvikela emanzi, isisombululo kufanele sikhishwe ngokuhlanzekile futhi sihlanzwe kahle ngaphambi kokuqala isithando somlilo, futhi amanzi kufanele afakwe futhi.
3. Indlela yokushisa
Le ndlela isetshenziswa uma isikhathi sokuvala siphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-10.Indlela yokufaka ithangi lamanzi ngaphezu kwesigubhu sesitimu bese uyixhuma esigubhu sesitimu ngepayipi.Ngemva kokuba i-boiler ivaliwe, igcwaliswa ngamanzi angenayo i-oksijeni, futhi ithangi elikhulu lamanzi ligcwele amanzi.I-tank yamanzi ishisa umusi wangaphandle, ukuze amanzi e-tank yamanzi ahlale egcina isimo esibilayo.
Ububi: Ububi bale ndlela ukuthi idinga umthombo wesitimu wangaphandle ukuze unikeze isitimu.
4. Indlela yokuvikela yokumisa (isipele) ukusetshenziswa kwama-amine okwenza ifilimu
Le ndlela iwukwengeza ama-organic amine akhiqiza ifilimu ohlelweni olushisayo lapho umfutho webhayela nezinga lokushisa kwehla ezimeni ezifanele ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kweyunithi.Ama-ejenti azungeza ngesitimu namanzi, futhi ama-molecule e-ejenti akhangiswe ngokuqinile endaweni yensimbi futhi aqondiswe ngokulandelana ngokulandelana.Ukuhlelwa kwakha ungqimba lwamangqamuzana oluvikelayo “olunomphumela ovikelayo” ukuze kuvinjelwe ukufuduka kwezindleko nezinto ezonakalisayo (umoya-mpilo, i-carbon dioxide, umswakama) endaweni yensimbi ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuvimbela ukugqwala kwensimbi.
Ukungalungi: Ingxenye eyinhloko yale ejenti ama-alkane alayini anokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kanye nama-amine aqondile enza ifilimu asekelwe ku-octadecylamine.Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-ejenti, kubiza kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuphatha.
Izindlela zokulungisa ezingenhla zisebenza kalula ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke futhi zisetshenziswa amafemu amaningi namabhizinisi.Kodwa-ke, ohlelweni lokusebenza lwangempela, ukukhethwa kwezindlela zokulondoloza nakho kuhluke kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene kanye nezikhathi zokuvala isithando somlilo.Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, ukukhethwa kwezindlela zokunakekela ngokuvamile kulandela amaphuzu alandelayo:
1. Uma isithando somlilo sivaliwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu, indlela ye-desiccant endleleni eyomile kufanele isetshenziswe.
2. Uma isithando somlilo sivaliwe izinyanga ezingu-1-3, indlela yesisombululo se-alkali noma indlela ye-sodium nitrite ingasetshenziswa.
3. Ngemuva kokuthi i-boiler iyeke ukusebenza, uma ingaqala phakathi kwamahora angu-24, indlela yokugcina ingcindezi ingasetshenziswa.Le ndlela ingaphinda isetshenziselwe amabhoyili asebenza ngezikhathi ezithile noma angasebenzi phakathi nesonto.Kodwa ingcindezi esithandweni kufanele ibe phezulu kunomfutho womkhathi.Uma ingcindezi itholakala ukuthi yehla kancane, kufanele kuqalwe umlilo ukuze ukhuphule ingcindezi ngesikhathi.
4. Uma i-boiler imisiwe ngenxa yokunakekelwa, indlela yokomisa ingasetshenziswa.Uma singekho isidingo sokukhulula amanzi, indlela yokugcina ingcindezi ingasetshenziswa.Uma i-boiler ngemuva kokulungiswa ayikwazi ukusebenza ngesikhathi.Izinyathelo zokuvikela ezihambisanayo kufanele zamukelwe ngokuya ngobude besikhathi sesikweletu.
5. Uma usebenzisa isivikelo esimanzi, kungcono kakhulu ukugcina izinga lokushisa ekamelweni likabhayela lingaphezu kuka-10°C futhi lingabi ngaphansi kuka-0°C ukuze ugweme ukulimala okubanda emshinini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-13-2023
